Wed, 12 Jul 2006
xubuntu live cd username
Maybe my google skills are failing me, but I was trying to use an xubuntu live cd I had lying around to resize some partitions on a VM, and I couldn't find the username and password that are required to login. Someone on #xubuntu gave me a pointer and so I found that it was ubuntu and no password. I'm just sticking it here in the hope that it might provide a useful search result for someone else. Hopefully this sort of information will be put somewhere more prominent around t xubuntu website.
Mon, 08 May 2006
Porting plugins to the Xfce 4.4 panel
With the 4.4 panel comes a new API. This change is to allow external plugins, which are run as processes separate from the panel, increasing its stability. This means that all plugins for the 4.2 panel have to be ported to work with the new API. The process is not too difficult, and below I have tried to outline some of the steps involved in doing it.
I recommed that you get hold of the xfce4-panel source, as this contains README.Plugins, which contains information about the API and how to use it, and includes lots of plugins that you can look at for examples of using the API. I also recommend that you get hold of the cpugraph plugin (version 0.3) as this contains an example of an external plugin, as well as useful examples of how to set up autotools for building an external plugin.
Autotools
The first step is to set up your plugin so that autotools will build all the relevant parts, and put them in the correct place. If your plugin doesn't use autotools then you need to do the same things as below in your Makefile.
First you need to check that the correct version of the panel is available to compile against. Edit configure.ac and find a line that looks something like
XDT_XFCE_PANEL_PLUGIN([XFCE4PANEL], [4.2.0])
and edit this so that it looks like
XDT_CHECK_PACKAGE([LIBXFCE4PANEL], [libxfce4panel-1.0], [4.3.20])
While you are editing configure.ac you should also bump your version numbers.
Then you need to alter the way that the plugin is built so that it is an executable rather than a shared library. Edit the Makefile.am in the source directory of the plugin so that it looks something like
plugindir = $(libexecdir)/xfce4/panel-plugins
plugin_PROGRAMS = xfce4-wavelan-plugin
xfce4_wavelan_plugin_LDFLAGS = @LIBXFCE4PANEL_LIBS@
xfce4_wavelan_plugin_SOURCES = /*list the source files of your plugin here*/
xfce4_wavelan_plugin_CFLAGS = @LIBXFCE4PANEL_CFLAGS@
The new panel looks for .desktop files in /usr/share/xfce4/panel-plugins to find out what plugins are available. You need to create one of these files, see README.Plugins for information on what it contains. A trick is employed to get the correct installation path in to the file, if you use intltool in your plugin see the cpugraph plugin to see how to do this, if not then create a file in your source directory names like pluginname.desktop.in, and put something like this in it.
[Xfce Panel]
Type=X-XFCE-PanelPlugin
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Wavelan
Comment=View the status of a wireless network
Icon=xfce-mouse
X-XFCE-Exec=@PLUGIN_PATH@/xfce4-wavelan-plugin
Then the makefile needs to be changed to process this file to create the one to be installed. Edit Makefile.am again and add the following (different for intltool users)
# .desktop file
#
# Some automake trickery here. Because we cannot use $(libexecdir) in the
# automake stage, we'll use sed to get the full path into the .desktop file.
#
desktop_in_files = wavelan.desktop.in
desktopdir = $(datadir)/xfce4/panel-plugins
desktop_DATA = $(desktop_in_files:.desktop.in=.desktop)
EXTRA_DIST = $(desktop_in_files)
DISTCLEANFILES = $(desktop_DATA)
# get full path into .desktop file
%.desktop: %.desktop.in
sed -e "s^@PLUGIN_PATH@^$(libexecdir)/xfce4/panel-plugins^" \
$< > $@
Make sure the last two lines are indented by tabs, and that your editor has not expanded them to spaces.
Now you can run xdt-autogen to recreate the configure script and Makefile.in etc.
Changing the code
The code needs to be changed to use the new initialisation hook, and the new callbacks for events. See the README.Plugins for a description of the available callbacks.
The includes you plugin uses may need to be changed. If you use the util or gui packages then you only need to include
#include <libxfce4util/libxfce4util.h>
#include <libxfcegui4/libxfcegui4.h>
To import the panel stuff you will need to add
#include <libxfce4panel/xfce-panel-plugin.h>
You may also find the following two useful later on.
#include <libxfce4panel/xfce-panel-convenience.h>
#include <libxfce4panel/xfce-hvbox.h>
The first thing to add is the hook that will allow the panel to create an instance of your plugin.
XFCE_PANEL_PLUGIN_REGISTER_EXTERNAL(wavelan_construct);
Then you need to provide the function named to that macro, which will create an instance of the plugin, and link it in to the panel to receive events that you care about. This will look something like
static void
wavelan_construct (XfcePanelPlugin *plugin)
{
/* The function that creates an instance of your plugin
and initialises all the values */
t_wavelan *wavelan = wavelan_new(plugin);
/* The callback to be informed when the panel changes
between horizontal and vertical. Use this if you care
which way up your plugin is */
g_signal_connect (plugin, "orientation-changed",
G_CALLBACK (wavelan_orientation_changed), wavelan);
/* called when the panel changes size. You should register this
and set size hints in the callback function */
g_signal_connect (plugin, "size-changed",
G_CALLBACK (wavelan_size_changed), wavelan);
/* Called to indicate the plugin should free all of it's data
as it is not needed anymore */
g_signal_connect (plugin, "free-data",
G_CALLBACK (wavelan_free_data), wavelan);
/* Called to indicate the panel should save its configuration
data */
g_signal_connect (plugin, "save",
G_CALLBACK (wavelan_save), wavelan);
/* IMPORTANT: this tells the panel to show a menu when the
user right clicks on your plugin. Without this the user
will not be able to remove your plugin easily*/
xfce_panel_plugin_menu_show_configure (plugin);
/* Called when the user chooses the properties option from
the right click menu. Here you should create a dialog for
the user to change configuration options */
g_signal_connect (plugin, "configure-plugin",
G_CALLBACK (wavelan_configure), wavelan);
}
Then you need to write all of the callback functions that you defined there. These can be simple wrappers around the functions you previously had (you may need to change arguments though). For instance
void
wavelan_save (XfcePanelPlugin *plugin, t_wavelan *wavelan)
{
wavelan_write_config(plugin, wavelan);
}
static void
wavelan_write_config(XfcePanelPlugin *plugin, t_wavelan *wavelan)
{
char *file;
XfceRc *rc;
if (!(file = xfce_panel_plugin_save_location (plugin, TRUE)))
{
return;
}
rc = xfce_rc_simple_open (file, FALSE);
g_free (file);
if (!rc)
return;
if (wavelan->interface)
{
xfce_rc_write_entry (rc, "Interface", wavelan->interface);
}
xfce_rc_write_bool_entry (rc, "Autohide", wavelan->autohide);
xfce_rc_close(rc);
}
The code above also shows the new way of dealing with rc files (which you should use). When all of this is done you can try compiling the plugin. You may find you have to change more code to get it to compile, it depends on the plugin.
When you can compile it try installing it and loading it in to the panel. If it is not present in the list of plugins check that the .desktop file is in the right place, and contains the right information (a panel restart might be required, I never quite worked it out). If the plugin does not load then try killing the panel and launching it from a terminal and watching for errors.
Good luck, and let me know if I have made any mistakes or need to add anything.
Dealing with sessions in xfce4
So another post trying to help with common problems in xfce4. This time it is sessions.
By default xfce4 uses a session manager to decide which programs to start when logging in. There is also a mechanism for autostarting programs which is more appropriate for external programs. Here are some of the problems that often come up relating to sessions.
- Wanting to start programs with xfce4 (easy)
- Parts of xfce4 not starting (e.g. xfwm4 or the panel) (almost as easy)
- Multiple instances of an app running at startup (pretty easy again)
- Crud lying around from old versions (slightly more difficult). This can be a reason for xfce4 starting up very slowly
There are two ways of dealing with these problems. The first is pretty easy but requires logging out. The second is slightly more difficult, but can be done without logging out. The second technique is better suited to the last two problems listed above than the first two.
Method 1
First you need to enable saving sessions on logout. Go to the settings manager, and go to the “Sessions and Startup” page. Then check “Automatically save session on logout” and close it.
Now set up the session exactly how you want it to start. For instance get the panel running if it is not by going to a terminal and typing xfce4-panel. When you have it set up the way you want you should log out. When you log back in make sure everything is how you want it. If an app is not started that you want it to then you need to find a different way to do this, see the section on autostart at the bottom of this post. I suggest you then disable saving of sessions by unchecking the box in the settings manager the you checked a minute ago. This will make sure that your session stays that way for ever. If you ever want to make a change then you can go through this procedure again.
Method 2
This method involves editing directly the session managers config file for the session you are using. These files are located under ~/.cache/sessions/xfce4-session-hostname:X, where hostname is the hostname of your computer and X is the display you are using (usually 0). Open up this file in your favourite editor and have a look at it.
You will see groups of entries name Client0_*, Client1_*, etc. Each group of entries corresponds to one program that is launched. Look at each line that starts with ClientX_Program, and find the ones that you do not want. When you find one delet all of the lines that have the same Client* entry as the one that you do not want, e.g. if you don’t want (if you are on 4.4)
Client1_Program=xftaskbar4
then delet any line beginning with Client1.
You can repeat this process for all of the programs that you do not want.
When you have removed all of the unwanted entries then you need to get the file in to a state the the session manager can use again. To do this you need to renumber all of the ClientX lines so that the numbers are sequential, you need Client0_*, then Client1_*, etc, until you run out of entries, with no gaps in the numbers.
There is one final change to make, find the line that says
Count=3
or similar and change it to relect the actual number of programs left in the file. For instance if it said 3 before and you deleted 1 program then change it to 2. As a check it should be equal to the highest numbered Client line plus 1, if not then check your counting and numbering.
When you have finished save the file and all should be well next time you log in.
Autostart
To get external programs to start when you log in it is best to use the autostart features of xfce4, rather than the session manager.
If you are using 4.4 then simply open a terminal and type
xfce4-autostart-editor
This will open a graphical editor for your autostart items. You can check and uncheck the boxes to enable different programs, and if you click “Add” you can add new programs to run.
If you are on 4.2 then you can use the ~/Desktop/Autostart folder to create programs to autstart. If you simply want a program to run then create a symlink in this directory, e.g.
ln -s /usr/bin/firefox ~/Desktop/Autostart/firefox
If you want to do something more exciting, then create a shell script in this directory to do what you want, and mak it executable, it will then be run on autostart.
Sat, 06 May 2006
Getting the xfwm4 compositor to work in xfce4
I have put together a few pointers on the things that are required to get the compositor to work in xfce4. I have tried to include both 4.2.x and 4.4, but I might have missed something.
First you need an X server that supports composite, e.g. Xorg 7. You need to edit your xorg.conf file so that it contains.
Section “Extensions”
Option “Composite” “Enable”
EndSection
Then you need a version of xfwm4 that supports compositing. If you are compiling from source then you need to use the –enable-compositor switch (default in 4.4). You also need libxdamage-dev, libxfixes-dev, libxrender-dev and libxcomposite-dev (or whatever your distro calls them). When you are compiling you need to see
checking for xcomposite >= 1.0 xfixes xdamage xrender… yes
checking COMPOSITOR_CFLAGS… -DXTHREADS -D_REENTRANT -DXUSE_MTSAFE_API -I/usr/X11R6/include
checking COMPOSITOR_LIBS… -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lXcomposite -lXdamage -lXfixes -lXrender -lX11 -lXext
in the output. If not then I have probably missed a dependency.
If you are using a packaged version then you need to find out if it was compiled with this support, recent packages probably are.
Now you need to start xfwm4 with the compositor on, I think this is the default in all versions, but if not when you are running you can do
$ pkill xfwm4
$ xfwm4 –compositor=on
If it’s not on by default and you want it to be then there are two ways.
- If you are using the session manager then simply logging in, enabling saving of sessions, doing the above to start xfwm4 with the compositor then logging out and back in again, and disabling saving of sessions again should do the trick. I would find it easier to edit the files in ~/.cache/sessions, but each to their own
- If you are not using the session manager then edit ~/.xinitrc or /etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc
Once you have the compositor on then you will want something to do with it. There are some settings in window manager tweaks that may be of interest. Also try ALT+scroll wheel on the title bar of an app. You could also look into transset-df (or simply transset), or transd, which is kind of like devilspie for transparency. You could also look at my transparent Terminal patches. I also have patches the implement making inactive windows semi transparent.
Tue, 25 Apr 2006
Transparent Xfce Terminal
After I said that I wasn’t that bothered about transparency I found myself drawn towards this. I thought that the opaque text would make this more usable that plain transparency. I was packaging the Xfce4.4 beta, and compiled Terminal as part of this, and thought I’d add this hack to it. It worked OK, but you could only use a black terminal, and the alpha was hardcoded.
So I went out and found this which does the same thing for gnome-terminal, and so shares the backend with Terminal. I used the patch for libvte, and ported the changes to Terminal. It works quite well I think, and with Terminal’s ability to lose it’s own window decorations you could do some interesting things.
If anyone is interested in the full patch you can get the patch for Terminal here and I’ve updated the patch to work with the libvte shipped with Debian here.
So, the obligatory screenshot. Looks pretty unusable I know, and it is like that, but I wanted to show what could be done if you wanted.
Sat, 15 Apr 2006
Canon S1 IS finally working under Debian
With some help from d-u I finally got my Canon S1 IS working under Debian.
I was concerned because the usual messages that I get when plugging in a USB device about SCSI emulation were missing. However I saw that some people had it working, and that it was in the list of supported cameras for gphoto2. The key was to avoid autodetection and to tell gphoto2 to use PTP mode for my camera. I also had to add myself to the camera group. In the end this was the command that lists all of the images on the device
gphoto2 –camera "Canon Powershot S1 IS (PTP mode)" –port=usb\: -L
So that's another thing that I don't need XP to do, and the list of things that it do need it for is tiny now. Maybe one day I'll get round to removing it completely, after all I haven't booted in to it for a long while.
Securing WordPress2 admin with SSL, another way.
So ever since I installed WordPress I have been wanting to use SSL for logins and admin, but everything I tried seemed to have some drawbacks.
First I tried the mod_rewrite sugestion from wordpress.org, but this still had cookies travelling over non-ssl, and also meant that each request was redirected from https to http doubling the required number of requests, and meaning that any user would have to trust my SSL cert even if they weren't going to use SSL.
Then I tried the secure-admin plugin that seems to be quite new, but this prevented me from accessing the admin section at all. I think this is because I am using the latest SVN WordPress and so the plugin might not have been updated to work with it.
With help from here and here I have a solution that works for me.
Firstly cookies are set to be secure only, so that should prevent anyone being able to snoop my session. Secondly the site works normally over http for most things, logins and admin are redirected to https. I don't allow anyone to register on my site, so this only has to work for me, and I'm not sure how it would fare if you want your users logged in. This patch only requires an SSL enabled server, it doesn’t require mod_proxy or anything, though mod_rewrite can make things a bit cleaner.
If anyone is interested then there is a patch against the SVN of 2006-04-14 at http://jameswestby.net/ssl-admin.patch. It comes with no warranty, and you are free do distribute and modify it as you wish. If you do make a useful change then perhaps you could notify me and I could incorporate it in to my version.
I have tried to document the effect of the patch within the file, but if you feel that you would like more information then please just ask. The only configuration that you have to do is change one line in wp-config.php to reflect the address you would like to use for admin over SSL. I am working on incorporating this in to the usual options system.
[EDIT - I think this patch breaks the preview (if you hit save and continue editing while drafting the preview reports that there is no such article, is that normal behaviour?)]
Fri, 14 Apr 2006
First post - X.org 7 in Debian unstable
So I wanted to get my hands dirty and try something that was going to live up to the label “unstable” as a 2.6.16 kernel hadn’t really managed that. There were a few posts on the debian-user mailing list this morning that seemed to suggest that it may not go smoothly, so I thought I’d have a go. It’s not really the time to be trying to break my main box, but I thought I’d give it a go anyway.
So using aptitude and doing some manual dependency resolution (including a new nvidia kernel module using the fantastic module-assistant) I got a bunch of packages to install, many of them with names xserver-xorg-.* It all settled down after a couple of debconf questions that I probably should have paid more attention to, the screen seemed to flash, but maybe that was the lack of sleep, and everything went quiet.
So i then logged out of XFCE and killed the X server, the screen flickered for a bit as it is prone to do, but KDM didn’t come up. Oh dear I thought, but I didn’t panic, who hasn’t had problems starting X, I certainly had plenty before I worked out how to get my Nvidia card to play nicely during kernel recompiles. So I did the normal thing and checked /var/log/Xorg.0.log and it complained about lack of fonts, a quick check with lynx (how glad am I that I can do that now rather than dropping out back in to XP?) suggested that I should check the font paths and not bother with xfs. Checking the paths showed that the location of the fonts had moved, or that the xorg.conf had been rewritten (I suspect the former), and changing the paths bought KDM up.
So I then enabled compositing and the nvidia acceleration for it and restarted and it came up, but I didn’t know if it had worked. So I switched in to KDE and tried to enable transparency, but nothing seemed to show, so I went back to XFCE and recompiled xfwm with its compositing manager (after grabbing some extra libs and learning a little about PKG_CONFIG_PATH). Creating a transparency file in my .xfce4 dir and restarting confirmed that it worked.
So i wanted to play with this new gimmick and so grabbed some apps, transset and transset-df. A bit of tweaking with keyboard shortcuts, and using the superior transset-df means that I can now alter the transparency of the window under the cursor with keyboard shortcuts. I also tried to look into transparency on inactive windows, and transinactive from the xfce team does this, but it doesn’t play that nice with virtual desktops so I’ve dropped it for now. It looks pretty simple, so it might be worth a hack later. I saw a suggestion to have opaque text in translucent terminals, which seemed like a good idea, but I couldn’t find any code for doing this to xterm, only a mention that someone had done it. I’ll keep an eye out though.
However, all was not rosy, as I couldn’t log out of XFCE, the panel would go, but everything else would remain. xfce4-session-logout complained there was no session manager running when there was (maybe worth improving the error message if possible), .xsession-errors was reporting ICE connection rejected. I eventually bothered to look at the top of that file and saw that xrdb couldn’t be found. locate showed it was in /usr/X11R6/bin, and I thought about just sticking that on my PATH (what? it’s got bin in the name) but the folks on #debian-xfce said that it wasn’t on their path, and their xrdb was in /usr/bin/X11. So apt-file showed me where I could get this binary from, and I upgraded to the unstable version which solved the problem.
So all in all, not too bad for an upgrade to a brand spanking new major revision of an important package that was causing lots of problems. My troubles mainly came from trying to use as few packages as possible from unstable.
But, you know what? After all that I’m not all that keen on transparency, and I’ll probably end up turning it off most of the time. It hasn’t made a noticable impact on performance yet. Maybe when I get rid of all the unneeded modules I can have a nice trim X server which might aid performance anyway.